中国冶金工业医学杂志

2017 年某医院病原菌分布及耐药性分析

作者：贾进明1 张细林1 陈良善2

关键词：病原菌分布耐药率抗生素

分类号：R 378

出版年,卷(期):页码：2019,36(3):256-258

摘要：

摘要：目的通过分析2017 年莆田涵江医院住院部患者感染的病原菌分布及耐药情况，为临床使用抗生素提供指导。方法回顾
性分析2017 年8985 份培养标本所分离出的病原菌及药敏试验结果。结果共分离出病原菌1161 株，阳性率12.9%。其中革兰氏阴性菌
807 株，主要为大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌和阴沟肠杆菌。大肠埃希杆菌产超广谱β内酰胺酶（ESBLs）的为
48 株占20.5%、肺炎克雷伯杆菌为32 株占16.6%。5 种主要的革兰氏阴性菌对头孢他啶、替卡西林、头孢呋辛、哌拉西林的耐药性较高，对
阿米卡星、亚胺培南、美洛培南、哌拉西林他唑巴坦较敏感。革兰氏阳性菌281 株，主要为表皮葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌和肺
炎链球菌。金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌对青霉素、红霉素、苯唑西林、克林霉素、复方新诺明的耐药性普遍较高，对呋喃妥因、喹努普
汀/达福普汀、米诺环素较敏感。未发现耐万古霉素的金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌。肺炎链球菌对红霉素、克林霉素、复方新诺明耐
药率为100%，对替考拉宁、万古霉素、四环素和喹努普汀/达福普汀均未见耐药菌株。结论加强耐药菌的监测，对临床用药有重大意
义。
关键词：病原菌；分布；耐药率；抗生素

Abstract：Objective To provide guidance for clinical use of antibiotics by analyzing the distribution of pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance of
hospitalized patients in Putian Hanjiang Hospital in 2017. Methods The pathogenic bacteria isolated from 8985 specimens of culture and the results of
drug sensitivity test were analyzed retrospectively in 2017. Results A total of 1161 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated and the positive rate of
culture was 12.9% . Among them, 807 Gram- negative bacteria were mainly Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Acinetobacter baumannii and Enterobacter cloacae. Extended-spectrum β -lactamase（ESBLs）from Escherichia coli was found in 48 strains（20.5%）.
There were 32 strains（16.6%）of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Major Gram- negative bacteria, which were resistant to Ceftazidime, Tikassim, Cefuroxime,
Piperacillin, and were resistant to Amikacin, Imipenem, Meropenem. Piperacillin and Tazobactam were most sensitively. Gram- positive bacteria 281
strains, mainly Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Staphylococcus aureus and
Staphylococcus epidermidis showed high resistance to Penicillin, Erythromycin, Oxacillin, Clindamycin and Compound sulfamycin, and were more
sensitive to Furantoin, Quinuptin / daputin and Minocycline. There was not resistance to Vancomycin for Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus
epidermidis was found. The resistance rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae to Erythromycin, Clindamycin and compound sulfamycin was 100% and no
resistant strains were found to teicoplanin,Vancomycin, Tetracycline, Tetracycline and Quinupustine / Dafopentin. Conclusion It is of great
significance to strengthen the monitoring of drug resistant bacteria for the use of antibiotics.
Key Words：Pathogenic bacteria; Distribution; Drug resistance rate; Antibiotics

基金项目：

作者简介：

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