Abstract：Objective To comparative analyze the clinical effect of neuroendoscopy-assisted surgery and traditional skull drilling and drainage for subacute compartmentalized subdural hematoma. Methods 29 patients with subacute subdural hematoma who had been treated by traditional skull drilling for hematoma drainage were selected as drilling group, and 49 patients undergoing neuroendoscopic-assisted surgery were selected as endoscopic group. The postoperative hematoma clearance rate, recurrence rate and recurrence rate of the two groups were compared. Results The hematoma clearance rate in the endoscopic group was significantly higher than that in the drilling group（P＜0.01）; the recurrence rate of hematoma in the endoscopic group was lower than that in the drilling group（P＜0.05）, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant; the incidence of postoperative complications in the two groups was no significant difference（P＞0.05）. Conclusion Compared with the traditional drilling hematoma drainage, neuroendoscopy-assisted surgery for subacute subdural hematoma has the advantages of higher hematoma clearance rate and low recurrence rate, while there is no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications, so it is worth applying.