Abstract：Objective To compare the therapeutic effect of the tubeless single-port and single utility port thoracoscopy for mediastinal tumor. Methods    50 cases of mediastinal tumors were treated by thoracoscopy in our department were retrospective analyzed, 25 cases with tubeless single-port thoracoscopy as study group, and 25 cases with single utility port thoracoscopy as control group. The occurrence of complications intraoperative and postoperative in the two groups were compared. Results All patients in two groups were completed the operation without major bleeding and converted to thoracotomy. There were no cases of atelectasis and intrapulmonary infection after the operation; there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and average length of stay（all P＞0.05）; postoperative sore throat and pharyngeal discomfort, postoperative incision pain, drainage tube indwelling time, and urinary catheter irritation symptoms in the study group were significantly better than those in the control group, and the differences between the groups were statistically significance（all P＜0.05）. Conclusion It is safe and feasible to treat mediastinal tumor with tubeless single-port thoracoscopy, which can further reduce the surgical trauma and accelerate the recovery of patients.