Abstract：Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of Qingjin Huatan decoction on the acute aggravation of COPD（AECOPD）and the influence of peripheral blood JAK/STAT signalling pathway. Methods From July 2014 to July 2020, 130 AECOPD patients recommended by other units of the system were divided into 65 cases in the control group and 65 cases in the observation group by reference to the stochastic table method. The patients in the control group received clinical routine treatment, and the patients in the observation group received routine treatment combined with Qingjin Huatan decoction for two weeks. The differences of the score value, recent efficacy, respiratory function parameters and peripheral blood JAK/STAT signaling pathway in the two groups were compared. Results The TCM syndrome scores and related indexes of peripheral blood JAK/STAT signaling pathway in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and all respiratory function indexes were better than those in the control group, and the differences between the groups were statistically significant（t＝6.579, 5.531, 8.103, 6.857, 5.208, 6.026, 5.601, 2.769, 3.293, all P＜0.05）; the short-term curative effect of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant （χ2＝4.795, P＜0.05）. Conclusion Qingjin Huatan decoction combined with western medicine has a good short-term efficacy and improve respiratory function of AECOPD patients, which may be related to the effect of the drug in regulating the function of JAK/STAT signaling pathway.