Abstract：Objective To observe the effecacy of pterygium excision combined with corneal limbal stem cell transplantation in the treatment of pterygium and the effect on the function of tear film.  Methods A total of 61 patients with pterygium （80 eyes） admitted to the ophthalmic department of our hospital from August 2019 to July 2021 were selected and divided into group A （30 patients, 42 eyes） and group B （31 patients, 38 eyes） according to random number table method. Pterygium excision was performed in group B, and pterygium excision combined with corneal limbal stem cell transplantation was performed in group A. The tear film break-up time （BUT）, basic tear secretion test （SIT）, naked eye visual acuity （UCVA）, corneal dispersion （CAD）, axial orientation （CAA） and recurrence within 3 months of follow-up were observed and compared between the two groups before surgery, 1 week after surgery, 1 and 3 months after surgery, and the recurrence within 3 months after follow-up. CAA includes syntactic astigmatism （WR）, antitactic astigmatism （AR） and oblique astigmatism （OA）.  Results Compared with before treatment, the BUT index of the two groups decreased first and then increased at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after operation. There were no statistically significant differences in SIT indexes between the two groups at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after surgery （F＝0.104, 0.338, all P＞0.05）, and no statistically significant differences between the two groups （t＝0.308, 0.203, 0.316, 0.287, all P＞0.05）. The UCVA indexes of the two groups 1 and 3 months after surgery were higher than those before surgery, and the differences within the two groups were statistically significant （t＝7.357, 8.263, 4.357, 3.147, all P＜0.05）. Corneal CAD was significantly decreased 1 week after surgery, 1 month after surgery and 3 months after surgery in both groups, with statistical significance in intra-group comparison （F＝12.549, 18.564, all P＜0.05）. The proportion of WR in CAA was significantly decreased, with statistical significance only 1 and 3 months after surgery （Z＝12.877, 14.455, all P＜0.05）. The proportion of AR and OA in CAA increased significantly, and only 1 and 3 months after surgery, the intra-group differences were statistically significant （Z＝3.759, 7.835, 3.788, 3.327, all P＜0.05）. There was no statistical significance in BUT, UCVA and CAD between the two groups 1 week after surgery, 1 and 3 months after surgery （t＝1.434, 0.499, 0.510, 0.342, 0.357, 0.376, 0.173, 0.163, 0.127, all P＞0.05）; There were no statistically signific ant differences in all indexes at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after CAA surgery （χ2＝0.005, 0.529, 0.346, 0.622, 1.118, 0.343, 0.602, 0.179, 0.080, all P＞0.05）. The recurrence rate of group A after treatment was significantly lower than that of group B, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant （χ2＝4.803, P＜0.05）. Conclusion Pterygium excision combined with limbal stem cell transplantation has little effect on tear film function, and can improve naked eye vision and reduce postoperative recurrence rate.