Abstract：Objective To understand the current situation of vision and hyperopia reserve of school-age children in Changsha, and to provide basic information and scientific basis for the prevention and control of myopia.  Methods Using a random stratified sampling method, 751 students were examined for naked eye visual acuity, eye axis, computerized optometry after pupil dilation with compound tropicamide eye drops and corneal curvature after informed consent, and the hyperopic reserve was measured, and early warning analysis was performed on the eye axis and hyperopic reserve. Results  The rates of low hyperopic reserve and high risk of myopia were highest in grades 2 and 3, and the differences were statistically significant when comparing between grades （χ2＝85.887, 63.415, both P＜0.001）; with the increase of grades, the ocular axis of students with high risk of myopia and myopia grew faster than that of students with normal vision and low hyperopic reserve, and between the same grades normal vision students had shorter eye axes than students with low hyperopic reserve, high risk of myopia, and myopia, and the differences were statistically significant when comparing among grades （F＝25.56, 23.57, 15.89, 8.95, and 7.89, all P＜0.001）.  Conclusion The poor vision rate of 751 school-age children in grades 1 to 5 is 43.14%. and the prevalence of inadequate farsightedness reserve was high in grades 1, 2, and 3, with a clear trend toward low myopia. It is necessary to strengthen the joint efforts of family, school and medical doctors to regularly monitor the length of the eye axis and the hyperopic reserve, to provide early warning of myopia and assess the severity of myopia, and to provide focused intervention and supervision for children with low hyperopic reserve and pre-myopia to provide a practical basis for myopia prevention and control.