Abstract：Objective To investigate the difference of the effects of different materials on the restoration of the pulpless young first permanent molars. Methods From October 2019 to December 2021, 62 patients with 86 first permanent teeth without pulp and large area of tooth tissue defect were selected as the research objects. According to the method of random number table, they were divided into the reference group of 31 cases （41 tablets） and the study group of 31 cases （45 tablets）. The control group was treated with resin filling, and the study group was treated with IPS e.max CAD ceramic inlay restoration. The repair effect of the two groups were compared. Results The success rate of repair in the study group was higher than that in the reference group. Six months after repair, the plaque index, gingival sulcus bleeding index, probing depth, and periodontal attachment loss in the study group were all lower than those in the reference group, with significant differences between the groups （χ2＝5.895, t＝3.701, 2.757, 6.359,7.877, all P＜0.05）. Conclusion Inlay repair of first permanent molar defects has a better clinical effect than direct composite resin filling, with high clinical promotion value.