Abstract：Objective To analyze the impact of general anesthesia combined with ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block（TAPB）using dexmedetomidine and ropivacaine on patients with drug addiction undergoing abdominal surgery.  Methods From January 2022 to February 2023,a total of 40 patients with drug addiction who planned to undergo abdominal surgery in our hospital were selected and randomly divided into control group and observation group according to odd and even numbers, with 20 cases in each group. Different anesthesia methods were used in the two groups, and the effects of anesthesia were analyzed.  Results The observation group had significantly lower consumption of remifentanil, sufentanil, agitation scores during awakening, and withdrawal symptom scores compared to the control group（t＝4.443, 3.195, 2.680, 10.128, all P＜0.05）, and the incidence of withdrawal symptoms was lower in the observation group（χ2＝4.329, P＜0.05）. The Visual Analog Scale （VAS） scores at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group （F between groups＝6.85, F time＝17.25, F between groups×time＝8.14, all P＜0.001）, and the sedation scores were significantly higher in the observation group （t＝3.850, P＜0.05）. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups（χ2＝0.000, P＞0.05）. Conclusion Under ultrasound guidance, using dexmedetomidine combined with ropivacaine TAPB anesthesia for drug-addicted patients undergoing abdominal surgery can effectively reduce the consumption of opioid drugs, prevent agitation during awakening, and decrease the incidence of withdrawal symptoms.